Layout

Summary

A well-structured layout is essential for creating a seamless user experience (UX).

It determines how easily users can navigate and understand content, directly impacting engagement, usability, and accessibility. A strong layout helps users find information efficiently while ensuring a visually balanced and accessible experience across all devices.

People rarely read every word on a webpage, app, or article; instead, they scan for key information. Through experience, they’ve learned that scanning provides nearly the same value as reading but with far less time and effort. Since users naturally seek efficiency, they focus on what stands out rather than processing everything in detail.

A page’s visual organization plays a crucial role in how users scan content. A well-structured layout helps them quickly find relevant information, reducing effort and improving their ability to accomplish tasks. Conversely, a poorly designed layout can cause users to overlook important details, potentially leading them to abandon the site.

Why Good Layouts Matter

  • Ensures readability and organization
  • Creates a logical content flow
  • Enhances accessibility and usability
  • Supports scanning behaviors, helping users find information faster

By applying thoughtful design and content structure, we can position key elements effectively, optimize readability, and meet accessibility standards—creating a seamless and inclusive experience for all users.

UX Best Practices for Layout Design

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Optimize for Scanning & Readability

Users typically scan pages rather than reading everything word for word. Layouts should support natural scanning behaviors:

  • F-pattern scanning (desktop): Users focus on the left and top sections first.
  • Z-pattern scanning (mobile): Users' eyes move from top-left to bottom-right in a zigzag motion.
  • Use headings, bullet points, and short paragraphs to improve readability.

Example:
Hard to Scan:
"To complete your request, fill out the form, attach the necessary documents, and check your email for further instructions. Processing times vary based on request type, and missing documents may cause delays."

Better Layout:

How to Submit Your Request

  1. Fill out the form with required details.
  2. Attach supporting documents.
  3. Check your email for updates on processing times.
Establish a Clear Visual Hierarchy

A strong layout uses size, color, and placement to guide users' attention.

  • Headings and subheadings break down content into digestible sections.
  • White space improves clarity and reduces clutter.
  • Bold and emphasized text highlight key takeaways.

Example:
Overwhelming Layout:
"There are many ways to file your request, and the process varies by document type. You should check the requirements before submitting your application, as missing information could cause delays."

Better Hierarchy:

Filing Your Request

Before submitting, check the requirements to avoid delays. The process depends on your document type:

  • Online: Submit your request via the web portal.
  • In-person: Visit the nearest office location.
  • By mail: Send completed forms with supporting documents.
Prioritize Readability with Short Paragraphs
  • Keep paragraphs between 2–4 sentences for easy scanning.
  • Focus on one idea per paragraph to improve clarity.
  • Use plain language and avoid unnecessary jargon.

Example:
Too dense:

"To complete your application, you must gather all necessary documentation, including but not limited to proof of identity, proof of residency, and other supporting materials that may be required depending on your jurisdiction. Failure to provide complete documentation may result in delays."

Better:

"To complete your application, gather the required documents:

  • Proof of identity
  • Proof of residency
  • Other supporting materials (based on your location)

Missing documents may cause delays."

Review writing for the web best practices for more information.

Use Bullet Points & Lists to Break Up Text
  • Helps users process information faster and more efficiently.
  • Works well for steps, instructions, and key points.
  • Avoids overwhelming blocks of text.

Example:
When submitting your request, include:

  • Your full name
  • A valid email address
  • Supporting documents (if applicable)
Highlight Key Information with Emphasis
  • Use bold text for important terms or instructions.
  • Use italic text for emphasis or clarification.
  • Avoid using all caps, which can feel overwhelming.

Example:
Too aggressive: "ALL REQUESTS MUST BE SUBMITTED BY FRIDAY."
Better: "All requests must be submitted by Friday."

Use White Space Effectively

White space (negative space) is essential for clarity and usability:

  • Improves readability by separating elements.
  • educes visual clutter, making content easier to digest.
  • Guides user focus toward key areas.

Example:
Crowded Layout:
Filing DeadlinesDeadlines vary based on document type. Make sure you submit before the cutoff date to avoid delays. Check your email for confirmation.

Better Layout with White Space:

Filing Deadlines

Deadlines depend on your document type. Submit before the cutoff date to avoid delays. Check your email for confirmation.

Balance Text & Visuals

A mix of text, images, and icons improves engagement:

  • Use images to support content, not replace it.
  • Icons enhance usability when paired with labels.
  • Avoid excessive visuals that distract from core content.

Example:
Too Many Graphics: A page overloaded with icons, making it hard to focus on the message.
Better Use of Visuals: A simple checklist icon next to instructions for clarity.

Consider Accessibility

A good layout ensures everyone can navigate content, including users with disabilities. 

  • Use high-contrast text and backgrounds.
  • Ensure all elements are keyboard-navigable and screen-reader friendly.
  • Avoid using color alone to convey meaning.

Example:
Bad Accessibility Practice:
"Required fields are highlighted in red."
Better Alternative:
"Fields marked with (Required) must be completed."

For more information, visit our Accessibility page. 

When to Use & When to Avoid Certain Layouts

When to Use a Structured Layout

  • When presenting a large amount of content in an organized manner.
  • When guiding users through a process (e.g., step-by-step instructions).
  • When ensuring consistency across different screen sizes.

When to Avoid Overcomplicated Layouts

  • When too many elements create clutter and overwhelm users.
  • When navigation becomes confusing due to poor structure.
  • When content readability is compromised by poor spacing or alignment.

Resources

Learn More

To learn more in depth about best practices for layouts, visit the NNg: The Layer-Cake Pattern of Scanning and NNg: Which Comes First for UX guidelines.